The  postwar period Lviv

The development of capitalism in Galicia was accompanied by deepening class contradictions, constant struggle of the proletariat for social and national liberation.

In the annals of the struggle glorious pages are also written by the proletariat of Lviv, eternal dreams and desires of which were filled in September 1939. December 4, 1939 Lviv became the center of the newly formed region of Soviet Ukraine.

During the socialist transformation economic foundations of the capitalist mode of production were eliminated, and a new, socialist system was being established.

The reconstruction of industrial enterprises, construction of housing, public utilities and transport unfolded broadly. Workers from the cellars, dugouts, slums moved into comfortable apartments. These apartments have been preserved in their original condition until now, and are further improved and become more comfortable.

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On January 30, 1940 the Lviv branch of the Union of Soviet architects was founded, which at that time united around 200 architects. A group of specialists from Kyiv, led by famous at that time architect O. Kasianov, who became the major architect of Lviv, had come to the city.

Building socialism required a new understanding of future development of the city. The development of the master plan (architects A. Kasianov, R. Penkovskyi, V. Leyberts) started already in 1940.

It was based on the principles of socialist urban planning, aimed at creating of the best living conditions for all residents, and developed in 1938 by R. Penkovskyi's proposals on improvement transport schemes and planning structure of the city.

But peaceful labor was interrupted by a treacherous attack of Nazi Germany. During the occupation of of Lviv German Nazis destroyed 74 industrial enterprises, caused considerable damage to valuable certain buildings and structures, took to Germany many works of art, monuments of culture. July 27, 1944 troops of the 1st Ukrainian Front liberated Lviv.

In the rebuilt period of the national economy, a great assistance to the city gave the Soviet government and the fraternal republics of our country. Specifically, it was expected to renovate 157 plants and factories, to build a number of enterprises of metalworking, light industry, food processing and construction industries by the end of 1945. Only in 1945 for the reconstruction of industry and municipal economy was allocated 80.8 million karbovanets. Even then the foundation of known in our country associations "Kineskop", "Avtonavantazhuvach", factories "Lvivprylad", Lviv Bus, the company "Progress" and so on was laid.

Postwar building of Lviv as well as all Soviet architecture of the period, was determined by the focus on the use of classical architectural heritage. Some shade of historicism, restrained use of decoration and typical for the city coating materials contributed to the organic merge of the new buildings with the urban environment that has developed historically.

Significant role in the development of construction and architecture played the students of Lviv Polytechnic Institute. Only in 1945-1950 about 100 qualified professionals graduated and actively started solving the urgent tasks of practice. To give brotherly help, talented craftsmen came from other cities to Lviv and took part in the design and construction: V. Shaparenko, H. Shvetsko-Vinetskyi, A. Natalchenko, I. Persykov, P. Kont, A. Bakhmatov, H. Skupchenko, P. Yudkin, L. Kamenska, L. Nivina and others.

The development of post-war of Lviv was determined by the progressive principles of Soviet urban development that considered the planning and development of the city as a whole, without the contrast between the center and surrounding areas, including historically created structure of the city, its planting and ordering. In Lviv organized regional project under the direction of architects A. Natalchenko and H.Shvetsko- Vinetskyi, preparation of relevant design justifications for the creation of the master plan of the city development was started.

In the master plan further development received launched in the 30s by the engineer I. Dreksler idea of the Great Lviv creation, which included the growth of the city through the settlement of suburban area and the transformation of historically formed radial planning into the radial-circular planning. The city borders included the villages: in the north - Holosko and Zboiska in the east - Kryvchytsi, Pasiky Zubrytski, Pasiky Halytski, in the south - Kozelnyky, Sokilnyky, in the east - Syhnivka, Levandivka.

The master plan was based on the principle of conservation of planning and development of the central region, which had a huge historical and architectural value. Great attention was paid to streamlining of prospectuses and squares - the main planning axis of the city center. Significantly expanded was the territory of squares, parks and public recreation areas.

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For the first time in the city history functional zoning of the territory was provided, in which special areas for industrial zones were allocated.

However, the pace of industrial development outstripped forecasts and violated the principles of zoning. Thus, building of large industrial enterprises on the basis of small factories and workshops of capitalist period being held on limited territories in residential areas was conducted.

Consequently, difficulties in organizing transport service and rational development of engineering networks appeared, sanitary zones were violated,  some damage to the natural environment was caused. It was also a mistake that in the city borders a large quantity (up to 40%) of low-rise housing was placed. This led to inefficient use of local resources.

Admitted mistakes were caused not only by the authors of the master plan, but planning bodies as well, who prepared insufficiently reasonable forecasts for the development of the branches of industry and the city in general.